A score of 0 (no symptoms), 1 (mild symptoms), 2 (moderate symptoms), to 3 (severe symptoms) was used to evaluate the severity of nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, and sneezing. The severity of the rhinitis symptoms was assessed through use of a standardized score scale (1). However, these results did not exclude the patients from this study because only a few allergens were tested. Additionally, a physical examination found clear rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, pale discoloration of the nasal mucosa, or red and watery eyes in each patient.Īll patients underwent a specific IgE test against the common perennial inhaled allergens found in Taiwan (house dust mites, molds, cats, dogs, and cockroaches) to confirm the diagnosis of AR. Each candidate possessed at least one of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, or sneezing. The clinical diagnosis of AR was established when patients presented themselves with a history and physical examination consistent with an allergic cause. The clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was based on the Clinical Practice Guideline: Allergic Rhinitis publication from the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery Foundation. Patients experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology between March of 2018 and June of 2018. Written consent was obtained from each patient. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Taichung Veterans General Hospital. In this study, we attempted to investigate the short-term effects of RLRPT on nasal patency in patients with a clinical diagnosis of AR using both active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry. However, the effect of rhinophototherapy on the nasal patency has not yet been fully investigated. Another report has also shown that rhinophototherapy could increase nasal inspiratory peak flow. It has been reported that rhinophototherapy has reduced nasal obstruction more successfully than an antihistamine nasal spray. The heat generated by light illumination may alter the mucosal blood circulation in the nasal cavity. When the mechanism of rhinophototherapy is not fully understood, a low-energy narrow-band light illumination has been claimed to have biochemical, cellular, histological, and functional effects. One study has shown that after the nasal cavity was illuminated using a low-energy narrow-band red light three times a day for 14 days, the symptoms and endoscopic findings in patients with allergic rhinitis improved significantly. It has been suggested that rhinophototherapy could relieve the nasal symptoms of AR. The third device emits a composite light which consists of 70% visible light, 25% ultraviolet light-A, and 5% ultraviolet light-B. The second device emits an infrared light at wavelengths of 652 nm and 940nm. One device emits a visible red light at a single wavelength of 660 nm (red light rhinophototherapy, RLRPT). Three different devices for rhinophototherapy have been developed. Rhinophototherapy has been used to treat both allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis. The trial is registered with NCT03752645. This study showed that RLRPL did not objectively improve patient’s nasal patency. The first minimal cross-sectional area did not change after RLRPT, but the second minimal cross-sectional area with the volume of the nasal cavity between 2.0 and 5.0 cm from the tip of the nosepiece significantly lessened. Nasal resistance slightly decreased 30 minutes after RLRPT. All rhinitis symptoms, including nasal congestion, significantly improved 30 minutes after a single RLRPT treatment, but worsened again, particularly for sneezing, 2 days later. The nasal patency was objectively measured through the use of both active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry before and 30 minutes after RLRPT. The rhinitis symptoms were evaluated both before and 30 minutes after RLRPT and 2 days later. Those in the second group were treated with medical treatment only. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, with patients in one group given one treatment session of RLRPT, followed by medical treatment. The effect of red light rhinophototherapy (RLRPT) on nasal patency in patients with a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was investigated.
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